The violent rise and collapse of an underwater volcano in the Pacific Ocean is captured in startling clarity for the first time.
Researchers studying the Monowai volcano, near Tonga, recorded huge changes in height in just two weeks.
The images, gathered by sonar from a research ship, shed new light on the turbulent fate of submarine mountains.
Published in the journal
Nature Geoscience, the findings were made during a seabed survey last year.

Lead author Tony Watts of Oxford University told the BBC that the
revelation was "a wake-up call that the sea-floor may be more dynamic
than we previously thought. I've spent my career studying the seabed and have generally thought it
pretty stable so it's stunning to see so much change in such a short
space of time."
As many as 32,000 underwater mountains have been identified around the
world and the majority are believed to be volcanic in origin. Several
thousand of these may be active but a combination of ocean depth and
remoteness means that very few have been studied.
This research into the Monowai volcano provides a fascinating insight into the little-known world of submarine geology.
Monowai was first spotted from an aircraft in 1944. Surveys over
following years found evidence of significant change - with the sea
discoloured and seismic activity detected. Studies between 1978 and 2007
showed the summit repeatedly rising and falling. But this latest analysis compared images gathered on May 14 and then
June 1-2 last year and even in that short period the volcano had
undergone a transformation.
Travelling on the research ship the R/V Sonne, the scientists first
spotted that the sea above the volcano had turned a yellowy-green and
gas bubbles were rising to the surface.

According to Professor Watts, ""I had butterflies. The gas was smelling
awful - like rotten eggs. We saw a slick ahead of us and with something
venting, there could have been a sudden shallowing of the water."
The team then left the area to carry on with planned research elsewhere
but three days later were warned that seismic detectors on the Cook
Islands had detected violent activity around the volcano over a five-day
period.
"If we had been over the volcano during the eruption, rocks could have
hit the hull of the ship - that could have been potentially dangerous."
Later the ship returned to the scene and the scientists were surprised
to see how much the volcano had changed. In the space of a fortnight,
one part of the volcano's summit had collapsed by as much as 18.8m while
new lava flows had raised another area by 79.1m. Most striking was the
creation of an entirely new volcanic cone.
The researchers believe the changes are larger than at most other
volcanoes. Only Vesuvius and Mount St Helens have recorded larger growth
rates.
The paper says the speed of growth and change is "a reminder of how
rapidly geological processes such as submarine landsliding and volcanism
can occur."
Professor Watts said: "Any movement on the seabed has the potential to
create a tsunami. An earthquake suddenly dislocates the seabed. Here a
violent disturbance lasted five days with magma oozing out which might
be too slow to trigger a tsunami - but it's unknown. "This is a violent exchange of rock into the water - it could
destabilise the cone and cause a landslide which in principle could
cause a tsunami.
The same expedition's survey produced stunning images last year of a line of underwater volcanoes being carried inexorably to the chasm of a subduction zone, the Tonga Trench.
That research was investigating whether the volcanoes exacerbated or dampened the pressures on the fault line. - BBC.
WATCH: Rise and fall of underwater volcano revealed.